| Home - Latest News | Introduction | Bayside Prophecies | Directives from Heaven | Shopping Cart | Testimonies | Veronica Lueken | Miraculous Photos | Bible | Radio Program |
"Every man, woman and child in America will now have to pay the price of the Fed rate cut" - John Browne
Fed cut leads to dollar rout and potential panic...
"My child and My children, the days will grow darker, and there will be hunger in your land. Yes, My child, what I brought you here for this evening is to tell the world that there will be a crash in the monetary doings of your government—an absolute crash that will affect every man, woman, and child in the United States and Canada, and then, like a serpent, creep all over Europe, until the world sees one big, massive depression." - Our Lady of the Roses, September 7, 1985
John Browne of MoneyNews.com reported on September 24, 2007:
Last night, on CNBC, Larry Kudlow suggested that the price of gold is pointing to inflation. (Incidentally, I now call him "Nostradamus" Kudlow, following his brilliant "50 and 50" Fed rate cut call — 100 percent better than my call of a grudging "25 and 25" cut).
I almost fell off my chair as we long debated the "true" level of inflation. Having recovered myself, I replied that gold was "shouting" inflation and dollar crisis. I should have said "roaring" and added "stagflation", but it would have complicated matters too much for a sound-bite debate.
Here, we should point out that the price of gold does not reflect a true "free" market. It reflects a "dirty" market, heavily distorted to the downside by coordinated central bank sales, designed to "demonetize" nature's natural money.
So, the recent increases in gold prices, which rose this week to their highest levels since 1980 – in spite of central bank efforts to hold down the price of this reliable inflation indicator – strongly underscores how this week's interest rate cut has added significantly to inflationary pressures.We see two major threats facing our Fed — stagflation and panic. They both have their roots in the "Great Inflation Lie", of which we have long warned.
Both are now being manifested in a dollar rout!
As we said yesterday, every man, woman and child in America will now have to pay the price of the Fed rate cut.
We are now all "down on the floor" (as in the E-Trade ad) as we are robbed, by hourly depreciation of our dollars, not by our local bank, but by our Fed!
In April, we devoted our issue of Financial Intelligence Report to the issue of stagflation. We now think the Fed sees stagflation staring it in the face.
Until now, we have held off talking about panic, for fear that the very mention of the word, might lead to one.
But on Tuesday, our Fed (FOMC) sat down facing that day's New York Times cover photograph of a run on a British bank (Northern Rock), caught in the subprime contagion ripple, which we had warned about.
Following the lead of the New York Times, we now feel free to at least discuss the risk of panic.
We believe that we face not one, but three main types of panic, and that the rise in the price of gold is, in part, reflecting two of them.
The first and most obvious potential panic is about the recent Fed Rate cut, leading to a run on the U.S. dollar.
As we pointed out yesterday, Telegraph.co.uk reported that the Arab Gulf states are now very nervous about our dollar. Together, they manage some $2,500 billion, some 3 times the $800 billion managed by China. That money is relatively liquid and hot.
Yesterday, we also presented a chart showing how the foreign net purchases of U.S. Treasuries swung from a positive $25 billion in May to a negative $9 billion in July! We expect the figures will show a worsening trend for August and especially for September.
This indicates heavy selling pressure on our dollar — pressure that could lead to panic if our Fed continues, as the stock market hopes, to lower rates still further.
It also points to higher long term U.S. interest rates, if we are to continue funding our government debt at these levels.
The second potential panic staring at us is the financial virus of the mortgage credit derivatives that are now embedded in our massive but delicate financial system.
In essence, our financial system is crucially dependent upon trust. Today, that trust is in question. The result is that, despite massive injections of liquidity, the banking system is choking with the vital Commercial Paper market that's still shrinking, according to the latest Federal Reserve figures.
This has caused some depositors to become concerned as to the safety of their deposits (Northern Rock).
A run on the banks is always very serious. In today's overleveraged economies, it could prove catastrophic.
It was the prospect of a run on banks, even a minor one, that prompted the hawkish Mervin King, Governor of the Bank of England, to undertake a very public and embarrassing U-turn rescue operation.
We can not be sure, but we feel that it was this same New York Times photograph that "forced" a reluctant Ben Bernanke to accept a "50 and 50" rates cut in order to achieve the important "unanimous" vote from his FOMC.
So, in order to avoid the panic of a bank run, our Fed may have precipitated a panic run on our dollar!
Our readers may ask, "Why did our Fed have so little "wiggle" room?"
It is a great question. The answer is that our Fed also faces both recession and inflation in our economy — in short, the stagflation, we warned of in April.
Firstly, our research shows (see chart below) that our economy has been in contraction for the past year. The Wall Street media have consistently denied this, mainly by taking any up-tick on the downward trend and annualizing it!
Secondly, on the chart below, you will see that while the Wall Street media highlighted (and still does) the June up-tick in productivity as a reason to buy stocks, the truth is that productivity gains have deteriorated sharply over the past 12 months.
At the same time unit labor costs have been rising significantly.
Our research also shows that, fed partly by a massive liquidity and leverage boom and partly by increased world demand, the price of commodities and raw food, have been rising, almost exponentially, over the past year.
So, despite the "officially cooked" inflation figure of some 2 percent, most consumers have experienced far higher levels of "real" expenditure, particularly in regular major items such as: food; gas; education; and health.
If irregular expenditure items such as housing, automobiles and computers are netted out, the real "current" inflation actually experienced by consumers is, we feel, far higher than the "politically cooked" 2 percent inflation, published by the Department of Commerce.
In addition, the American consumer is experiencing: a decline in house values; an upward re-pricing of credit and increasing concern over employment. Little wonder then, that the Consumer Index is at a low.
This spells recession ahead. Normally this would lead to lower rates.
But, we believe the Fed both sees the ‘real" figures for money supply and does its own inflation calculations, on the old, pre-Clinton, ‘uncooked" basis!
We believe that seeing the "true" rate of inflation, has prompted the Fed not to cut, but to hold its rate, in the face of much criticism, over the past year.
In short, we believe that our Fed recognizes the ghastly specter of stagflation, of which we have warned, and higher rates.
Now, our Fed has been ‘forced", by fear of a banking panic, to cut rates, precipitating a dollar route, that will unleash yet further inflation and stagflation
Stagflation is the very worst of economic ills. As was illustrated by the legendary Volker/ Reagan team, its cure normally requires higher interest rates — much higher.
This leads us to the third potential panic — the stock market.
Even the Wall Street media are now accepting that our economy is slowing and that inflation lurks.
Normally, this would indicate falling corporate profits and rising interest rates — both bad for stocks.
And yet our stock market heads ever upwards, fed on a diet of expectation of lower interest rates and booming world trade.
But, we believe the American economy is still a key engine of world economic growth. With the American economy in recession, what is the realistic outlook for continued world growth and even of the oil price?
We believe that the stock market is having a hard time accepting the new reality of today.
While our dollar plunges, our credit markets choke and our economy slows, our stock markets rise, based, it appears, largely upon past corporate earnings and the fond hope of more interest rate cuts!
We believe that it should be the growth of future profits that is the true inspiration of healthy markets, not merely interest rate cuts.
It appears to us that there is a serious disconnect between today's reality and our stock markets.
We feel that major bearish factors are already at work and that the dawning of realty could cause the third panic — in the stock market!
We feel that the recent Fed cut was merely a "morphine" shot to deal with a patient who was on the verge of shock (panic). When the effects wear off, there will be a price to pay.
What should our readers do?
Stick with our recommendation to accumulate: cash, 90-day Treasuries, gold and agricultural commodities.
Cash is already a King. We believe it may soon become an Emperor.
Then, depending upon the degree of political backing given to the Fed to eradicate inflation, cash could be severely eroded and gold will rein supreme.
“… the disaster back in the 1920's, My children, was as nothing compared to what will happen now. I talk of a great depression coming upon mankind." - Jesus, October 1, 1988
"My child and My
children, the days will grow darker, and there will be hunger in your land. Yes,
My child, what I brought you here for this evening is to tell the world that
there will be a crash in the monetary doings of your government—an absolute
crash that will affect every man, woman, and child in the United States and
Canada, and then, like a serpent, creep all over Europe, until the world sees
one big, massive depression. I can illustrate to you, My children, what I mean
by this monetary depression.
"Should you go and wish to buy a small instrument, even a guitar, that We
hear plucking away at the dervishly, and devilry, of what is called the musical
Mass, strung by guitars, and other creations of satan. My child, I go on to tell
you, you will say that the guitar is not a costly item, but in order to buy this
guitar you will carry an actual satchel, an overnight bag-size, My child—let Us
put it that way clearly—of notes, your currency. It will take a whole suitcase
of paper—paper money that no longer has a value. You will soon be reduced to
bartering for your food.
"My child, I know you are affrighted at this word 'war'; 'death', 'turmoil',
'depression', but what can I do but tell you the truth. I cannot smooth over it,
for I would be accepted like those upon earth who like ostriches, they walk
about, proud in their scientific knowledge." - Our Lady of the Roses,
September 7, 1985
The awesome Bayside Prophecies...
https://www.tldm.org/Bayside/default.htm
These prophecies came from Jesus, Mary, and the saints to Veronica
Lueken at Bayside, NY, from 1968 to 1995:
A godless nation shall
fall! . . .
"Without
My Son you are lost. A godless nation shall fall. A nation that has been eaten
away and rotted by sin shall fall. A nation that has turned itself back and
regressed to a state of animal living bordering on all sins of the flesh and
impurity; given over to all manner of seeking things of the world; power, lust,
envy, hate, murders, abortions, worship of false idols; loving money, power, and
lacking the instinct of survival when survival can only be reached by pleading
from them to the merciful heart of the Eternal Father." - Our Lady, June
13, 1981
A great money disaster . . .
"My child and My children, pray a constant vigilance of
prayer. Keep this going throughout the United States and all of the nations of
the world, for there is little time left. Soon, in the plans of the Eternal
Father, He shall set forth and allow to come upon mankind, a great money
disaster. In this way it will prove to you that the disaster back in the
1920's, My children, was as nothing compared to what will happen now. I talk of
a great depression coming upon mankind." - Jesus, October 1, 1988
Destruction of the world monetary systems . . .
"You
will understand and broadcast the message to the world that there will be a
great destruction in the monetary systems of the world. It will affect both the
United States and Canada, and all the great powers of the world. And I repeat
again: You will go to your stores to do your shopping carrying papers which may
as well be newspapers, for the value they will have to purchase even food will
be nil.
"How can a great country like the United States fall, you say, My child?
You ask Me in your heart. I read your heart. I will tell you why. Because they
have given themselves over to satan. When a country has lost its morality and
seeks the pleasures of the flesh, giving over, themselves over, to all manner of
abominations, like homosexuality, and condoning this up the highest courts of
the land, then that country shall fall." - Our Lady, November 1, 1985
Gathering of the world's
money to control the masses . . .
"Man
shall not create a new world as he seeks. For there cannot be a lasting world
without His God. And I speak not of the false idols and gods that man creates
in his human nature! There is only one Creator.
"You who cast aside this knowledge and choose to set yourselves up by power
and the gathering of the world's money to control the masses, you will find that
all of your power and all of your volumes of gold and silver cannot hold back
the heavens as they descend upon you in a just chastisement. The world, the
earth shall tremble, fear shall come upon mankind as he watches the approach of
the destruction that he himself has chosen to set loose." - Jesus,
February 10, 1978
Evil force like an
octopus . . .
"There is a great evil force now enshrouding your world; it is like an octopus
reaching out in every direction to ensnare the world. It is a force of evil set
up by satan. There are many arms of the octopus controlled by the monies of the
world.
"For the love of money and riches, many will sell their souls to get to the
head. O My children, what do you gain if you gather all of the riches of the
world and destroy your soul. When you come over the veil, and you will come over
the veil, what will you bring with you - nothing of the material. You must
gather your riches in Heaven now. They are supernatural: the graces, the merits
that will allow you to enter into the Kingdom of
your
God." - Our Lady, June 24, 1976
The Illuminati . . .
"There is a group in the United States and the world, a
group that started many years ago, calling itself the Illuminati, coming from
the word 'light bearer'. Naturally, My children, this light that they bear
stands for Lucifer, and as such they have gone through the world secretly known
as Luciferians. They have brought into your country, the United States, and
your neighbor Canada, a group of witchcraft practices. Well have they laid
their plan to destroy your children with drugs, using your school systems, your
medias of communication, your newspapers, your televisions, your radios: every
means of communication has been infiltrated by the member and sub-members of the
Illuminati, a conglomeration of individuals and powers and principalities
throughout the world, and banking systems. As you well know, My children, money
has always been the root of all evil, and many have sold their souls to get to
the head." - Our Lady, November 25, 1978
You are worshiping idols . . .
"My children, you must change your values back to the plan of your God. As a
nation, as a country, as in many countries throughout the world, you have become
paganized and immoral. My children, it is the gauge for the fall of mankind:
immorality and paganism. No nation shall stand without its God, the God in
Heaven.
"Man is creating many new gods, gods to feed his human nature; and it is a
basic carnal nature. Idolaters abound. When you worship in abundance things, My
children, you are worshiping idols! If you spend your time gathering things,
money, power, you are worshiping idols. Remove yourself from these worldly
pursuits.
"It is a narrow road to the Kingdom of your God, Heaven. Many are called
but few are chosen. The road with satan is wide. Many walk it and can never
leave, because there are too few prayers said for them and by them.
"Nothing is impossible to your God. Man shall never reach the highest
pinnacle of Heaven in knowledge." - Jesus, March 18, 1978
Many will sell their
souls to get to the head . . .
"The road to
Heaven, My children, is a narrow one; too few stay upon it. For they are
often carried away with the cares of the world, and the pleasures of the
materialistic pursuits, and their gathering of money and prestige and power.
For what? For the few short years allotted to each human upon earth.
I ask you to ask yourself: is it worth it to lose your soul? Many will
sell their souls to get to the head." - Our Lady, November 20, 1979
Gather your graces . . .
"You cannot accept
two masters. One you will love, and the other you will learn to hate. And
remember, My children, where your treasures are, your heart will always lie. And
better that you gather your treasures in a place where there is neither rusting,
nor attacks by moths, and robbers cannot take them from you. Store your
treasures in Heaven, My children. Gather your graces. You must ransom your soul
and the souls of your children, your households. Do not wait expecting to be
repatriated at the last moment, My children. Many are coming across the veil
unprepared, and, sadly, they cannot be accepted into the Kingdom." - Jesus,
August 5, 1977
Store canned goods,
water and blankets . . .
"My children, I caution you now, and I wish that you remember these
instructions from several years ago in earth's time that I gave to you, to keep
in your homes a good supply of canned good. They have shelf value, My children,
they will not spoil. But better that you keep them and they spoil than to have
come upon you the great Chastisement. It will be a ball of fire which will
ignite many of the chemicals that are being stored up for the destruction of the
nations.
"My children, not only with the canned foods will you store just food, but
you must also make known to your families and your friends that they had best
keep blankets and water in tight containers; for there will be on the onset of
the Chastisement, there will be nothing that you can buy due to contamination."
- Our Lady, July 1, 1985
Read the Bayside Prophecies:
Articles...
Foreclosures:
August 2007 report: 11 states have triple digit increases in foreclosures
https://www.tldm.org/News11/TripleDigitIncreasesInForeclosures.htmNew mortgage foreclosures set record
https://www.tldm.org/News11/MortgageForeclosuresSetRecord.htmShiller: U.S. housing woes could spur world slump
https://www.tldm.org/News11/HousingWoesCouldSpurWorldSlump.htmCredit crunch hits the consumer — foreclosures double
https://www.tldm.org/News11/ForeclosuresDouble.htmThe worst isn't over in mortgage meltdown
https://www.tldm.org/News11/MortgageMeltdown.htmCredit crisis and stock markets:
Leading lender H&R Block likens US credit crisis to Great Depression
https://www.tldm.org/News11/H&RBlockLikensCrisisToDepression.htmFed faces gigantic insolvency time bomb
https://www.tldm.org/News11/FedFacesInsolvencyTimeBomb.htmGlobal money markets tighten on cash shortages
https://www.tldm.org/News11/GlobalMoneyMarketsTighten.htmDollar collapse, stock market sell-off looms
https://www.tldm.org/News11/StockMarketSell-offLooms.htmNo time to sit and watch: "What we have on our hands here, folks, is a full-blown, global financial crisis"
https://www.tldm.org/News11/GlobalFinancialCrisis.htmWorld stock markets spiral lower
https://www.tldm.org/News11/WorldStockMarketsSpiral.htmFed OD’s on liquidity but risks depression
https://www.tldm.org/News11/FedRisksDepression.htmU.S. Comptroller General: Learn from the fall of Rome
https://www.tldm.org/News11/ComptrollerGeneralFallOfRome.htmPerfect storm of debt rattles Wall Street
https://www.tldm.org/News11/PerfectStormOfDebt.htmAsian stocks tumble the most in five months on credit concern
https://www.tldm.org/News11/AsianStocksTumble.htmSubprime panic points to taxpayer bailout
https://www.tldm.org/News11/SubprimePanicTaxpayerBailout.htmFed cowardice invites catastrophe
https://www.tldm.org/News11/FedCowardiceInvitesCatastrophe.htmForeign money props U.S. economy
https://www.tldm.org/News11/ForeignMoneyPropsUSEconomy.htmU.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson: Coming financial crash shows need for immediate monetary reform
https://www.tldm.org/News11/PaulsonComingFinancialCrash.htmSlow demise of the mighty greenback
https://www.tldm.org/News11/DemiseOfMightyGreenback.htmCredit spree could cause 1930s-style depression
https://www.tldm.org/News11/CreditSpreeCouldCauseDepression.htmGloom gathers over U.S. economy
https://www.tldm.org/News10/GloomGathersUSEconomy.htmIt’s official: The crash of the U.S. economy has begun
https://www.tldm.org/News10/CrashOfUSEconomyHasBegun.htmThe plan to destroy America - via the dollar
https://www.tldm.org/News9/PlanToDestroyAmericaViaDollar.htmOil producers shun the dollar; Russia and Opec shift revenues into euros, yen and sterling
https://www.tldm.org/News9/OilProducersShunDollar.htmU.S. Comptroller General warns the nation of economic calamity
https://www.tldm.org/news9/MonetaryCrashComptrollerGeneral.htmCentral banks caught in gold squeeze may crush dollar
https://www.tldm.org/News9/goldSqueezeMayCrushDollar.htm
Links...
Sub-prime lender says problems are on scale of Great Depression, [U.K.] Times Online, August 31, 2007
http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/money/property_and_mortgages/article2358099.eceVideo: Money expert Jim Cramer of CNBC - "They're nuts, they know nothing! ... In the fixed income market, we have Armageddon"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWksEJQEYVUWall Street tremors, Asian markets' tsunami, Forbes.com, August 10, 2007
http://www.forbes.com/markets/2007/08/10/asian-markets-roundup-markets-equity-cx_vk_0810markets03.htmlWorld markets rattled amid Dow Jones crash, ABC News Australia, August 10, 2007
http://abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/08/10/2001292.htm?section=businessRisky home loans run a fever, and the market prays it doesn't spread, U.S. News and World Report, July 15, 2007
http://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/070715/23subprime.htmU.S. dollar facing imminent collapse? WorldNetDaily, December 10, 2006
http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=53311USA Today report: Real federal deficit 3.5 trillion, Newsmax, August 3, 2006
http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2006/8/3/123820.shtml?s=lh
There are 4 things you must have to survive the days ahead:
1.) The Douay-Rheims Holy Bible...
"You must all obtain a copy of the Book of life and love, the Bible. Do not accept the new mods. Try to find in your bookstores the old Bibles, My children, for many are being changed to suit the carnal nature of man. I repeat, sin has become a way of life." - Our Lady, October 6, 1992
"I must ask you all to read but a few short chapters a day now, the Book of life and love, your Bible. Knowledge must be gained for all the disciples of My Son, for you will be attacked by scientific minds. But do not be concerned what you will say to them when accosted, for the words will be given to you by the Spirit." - Our Lady, April 10, 1976 (Order Form)
2.) The total Virgin Mary’s Bayside Prophesies in 6 paperback books...
The Virgin Mary brings directions from God, the Father in Heaven on how to survive the end times. God, the Father, through the Virgin Mary, tells what is coming, how to prepare for it, how to survive it, and how to even stop it. These six volumes along with the Bible are most important to save yourself and your loved ones. Order it now. Tomorrow may be to late. These 6 pocket size paperback books costs $33.00. (Order Form)
3.) Heaven's Home Protection Packet...
Heaven’s Home Protection Packet...
Our Lord stated we must have crucifixes upon the outside of all of our outside doors. In the "Heaven’s Home Protection Packet" there are instructions, four crucifixes, a tube of special cement for wooden or metal crucifixes. Wooden crucifixes adhere better to the doors when the aluminum strap is removed from the back. Put a light coat of cement on the back of the crucifix and then press it to the outside of the door. If you have any problems, you can call us at 616-698-6448 for assistance. This Heaven’s Home Protection Packet is available for a donation of $5.00 plus $3.00 shipping and handling. Send $8.00 to TLD Ministries, P.O. Box 40, Lowell, MI 49331. Item # P15 (Order Form)Crucifix on front and back door... The only real protection against terrorists...
Jesus - "Pray and wear your sacramentals. And, also, My children, I ask you again to place a crucifix upon your door. Both front and back doors must have a crucifix. I say this to you because there will be carnage within your areas, and this will pass you by if you keep your crucifix upon your doors." (6-30-84) (Testimonies of lives and homes saved by the crucifixes.) https://www.tldm.org/news/crucifix.htm (Order Form)
4.) Heaven's Personal Protection Packet...
Our Lady tells us to be protected from all evil, we must wear the following sacramentals around our necks: a Rosary, a crucifix, the St. Benedict medal, Our Lady of the Roses medal, the Miraculous Medal, and the scapular. We have all of these sacramentals in a packet we call "Heaven's Personal Protection Packet." This packet is available for a donation of $5.00 plus $3.00 shipping and handling. Send $8.00 to TLD Ministries, P.O. Box 40, Lowell, MI 49331. Item # P5 (Order Form)Heaven’s Personal Protection Packet . . .
Our Lady of the Roses, Mary Help of Mothers promises
to help protect our children. On September 13, 1977, She said, "He has an
army of ogres wandering now throughout your country and all of the countries
of the world. They are in possession of great power; so wear your
sacramentals, and protect your children and your households. Learn the use
every day of holy water throughout your household. Insist even with
obstructions, insist that your children always wear a sacramental. One day
they will understand that they will repel the demons."
On February 1, 1974, Our Lady said, "My children, know the value of
these sacramentals. Guard your children well. You must awaken to the
knowledge that you will not be protected without the sacramentals. Guard
your children's souls. They must be surrounded with an aura of purity.
Remove them if necessary from the sources of contamination, be it your
schools or even false pastors."
This Heaven’s Personal Protection Packet is available for a donation of
$5.00 plus $3.00 shipping and handling. Send $8.00 to TLD Ministries, P.O.
Box 40, Lowell, MI 49331. You may use your MasterCard, VISA, or American
Express and call 1-616-698-6448. Item # P5
(Order
Form)
Your names have been written in Heaven… "It is not by accident that you are called by My Mother, for your names have been written in Heaven.... But with this great grace you have great responsibility to send this Message from Heaven throughout the world, for if you are able to recover just one more for Heaven, an additional star shall be placed in your crown." - Jesus, August 5, 1975
A great obligation to go forward... "It is not by accident that you are called by My Mother, for it is by merit and the prayers that have risen to Heaven for your salvation. For those who have received the grace to hear the Message from Heaven, you have a great obligation to go forward and bring this Message to your brothers and sisters. Do not expect a rest upon your earth, for you will have eternal rest very soon." - Jesus, June 12, 1976
The sin of omission... "The sin of omission shall condemn many to hell, be they layman or Hierarchy. I repeat: not the sin of commission, but the sin of omission will commit many to hell." Our Lady of the Roses, October 6, 1980
We encourage everyone to print or email copies of this web page to all the Bishops and all the clergy. Also, email or send this web page to the news media and as many people as possible.
| Home - Latest News | Introduction | Bayside Prophecies | Directives from Heaven | Order Form | Miracles & Cures | Veronica Lueken | Miraculous Photos | Bible | Radio Program |
The electronic form of this document is
copyrighted.
Quotations are permissible as long as this web site is acknowledged with a
hyperlink to:
https://www.tldm.org
Copyright © These Last Days Ministries, Inc. 1996 - 2006 All rights
reserved.
P.O. Box 40
616-698-6448
Lowell, MI 49331-0040
Revised:
September 02, 2018